How does paper get made?

Chipping Wood is chipped and then fed into large steam-heated refiners where the chips are squeezed and made into fibres between two steel discs. Or debarked logs are fed into grinders where they are pressed against rotating stones and made into fibres. Pulp To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin fromcellulose fibers. Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve the characteristics of the paper for printing or writing. Sizing The paper may then undergo sizing to alter its physical properties for use in various applications.Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolutionhalftone screensresolution halftone screens. Pressing Pressing the sheet removes the water by force. Once the water is forced from the sheet, felt is used to collect the water. When making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used. Drying Drying involves using air and or heat to remove water from the paper sheet. Various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used, the most common is the steam-heated can dryer which can easily dry the paper to less than 6% moisture. Finishing The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. . Sheets are usually cut "long-grain"